Excitation Level
Since the resonator is a mechanical vibration device, if the excitation level is not limited, the crystal characteristics will deteriorate (such as changes in oscillation frequency, deterioration of stability, changes in equivalent circuit parameters, etc.), which can lead to the destruction of the resonator. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the maximum value of the excitation level when using it.
3.1 High Excitation Level
High excitation levels can cause nonlinear effects.
①. When excessive stress or heating is applied to the crystal oscillator, the frequency increases and the series resistance increases.
②. Temperature characteristics can induce abnormal changes in frequency and series resistance.
③. In extreme cases, abnormal oscillations and failures may occur.
Small crystal oscillators, due to their smaller shape of the crystal and electrodes, have a greater impact on mechanical vibration changes compared to older models. Since the characteristics vary greatly, attention must be paid.
②. Temperature characteristics can induce abnormal changes in frequency and series resistance.
③. In extreme cases, abnormal oscillations and failures may occur.
Small crystal oscillators, due to their smaller shape of the crystal and electrodes, have a greater impact on mechanical vibration changes compared to older models. Since the characteristics vary greatly, attention must be paid.
The driving level is best below 100uW. However, as there are many differences in various manufacturing methods, please be sure to confirm with the manufacturer.
3.2 Low Excitation Level
When the excitation level is below 3uW, the series resistance of the crystal oscillator will increase. When restarting the oscillator, there will be non-reproducible phenomena such as oscillation and non-oscillation.